Operators

Operators combine operands into expressions.

Expression = UnaryExpr | Expression binary_op Expression .
UnaryExpr  = PrimaryExpr | unary_op UnaryExpr .

binary_op  = "||" | "&&" | rel_op | add_op | mul_op .
rel_op     = "==" | "!=" | "" | ">=" .
add_op     = "+" | "-" | "|" | "^"
unary_op   = "+" | "-" | "!" | "^" | "*" | "&" | " .

Comparisons are discussed elsewhere. For other binary operators, the operand types must be identical unless the operation involves shifts or untyped constants. For operations involving constants only, see the section on constant expressions.

Except for shift operations, if one operand is an untyped constant and the other operand is not, the constant is converted to the type of the other operand.

The right operand in a shift expression must have unsigned integer type or be an untyped constant representable by a value of type unit. If the left operand of a non-constant shift expression is an untyped constant, it is first converted to the type it would assume if the shift expression were replaced by its left operand alone.

var s uint = 33
var i = 1<<s           // 1 has type int
var j int32 = 1<<s     // 1 has type int32; j == 0
var k = uint64(1<<s)   // 1 has type uint64; k == 1<<33
var m int = 1.0<<s     // 1.0 has type int; m == 0 if ints are 32bits in size
var n = 1.0<<s == j    // 1.0 has type int32; n == true
var o = 1<<s == 2<<s   // 1 and 2 have type int; o == true if ints are 32bits in size
var p = 1<<s == 1<<33  // illegal if ints are 32bits in size: 1 has type int, but 1<<33 overflows int
var u = 1.0<<s         // illegal: 1.0 has type float64, cannot shift
var u1 = 1.0<<s != 0   // illegal: 1.0 has type float64, cannot shift
var u2 = 1<<s != 1.0   // illegal: 1 has type float64, cannot shift
var v float32 = 1<<s   // illegal: 1 has type float32, cannot shift
var w int64 = 1.0<<33  // 1.0<<33 is a constant shift expression

Operator precedence

Unary operators have the highest precedence. As the ++ and -- operators form statements, not expressions, they fall outside the operator hierarchy. As a consequence, statement p++ is the same as (p)++.

There are five precedence levels for binary operators. Multiplication operators bind strongest, followed by addition operators, comparison operators, && (logical AND), and finally || (logical OR):

Precedence    Operator
    5             *  /  %  <<  >>  &  &^
    4             +  -  |  ^
    3             ==  !=  <  <=  >  >=
    2             &&
    1             ||

Binary operators of the same precedence associate from left to right. For instance, x / y z is the same as (x / y) z.

+x
23 + 3*x[i]
x <= f()
^a >> b
f() || g()
x == y+1 && <-chanPtr > 0